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Song

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  Definition Song is a composition of tone or voice in sequence, combination and temporal relation to produce a musical compositian that has unity and continuity. Social Function of the Song Songs are used to express feeling and idea in an entertaining world. Songs can be used to deliver social criticism. The moral values are hidden in the lyrics Language Features of the Song a. Imagery. Imagery describes about feelings and emotions. b. Rhythm. Rhythm creates mood Figures of speech : 1. Metaphor, comparing twothings that are not alike to suggest that they actually have something in common. 2. Simile, compares two things using “like” or “as’’. e.g. “My love is like a redrose”. 3. Hyperbole, a dramatic language. Big exaggeration, usually with humor. e.g. “That math homework took me 8 million years to finish”. 4. Personification, an object appear like a person e.g. “The wind whisper” or “The snowflakes danced in the wind”. 5. Allititration, the repetation of the same beginning sound ...
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Exposition Text

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  Definition: Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Purposes: • To persuade the readers that idea is important matter. • To persuade the readers or listeners that there is something that, certainly, needs to get attention • To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion is correct and supported by arguments Generic Structures: • Thesis (Introduction): Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position • Arguments (Body): Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position. • Reiteration (Conclusion): Restating the writer’s position. Language Features: • Using relational process = Relationships between and among leaders, workers, followers, partners, co-workers, etc. people knowing and caring about people. • Using external conjunctions = Enhancing by linking to real world events (Holocaust, the Final Solution, death trains) 3.      Using internal conjunction = Ela...
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Narrative Text

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  Definition of Narrative Text A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang). Generic Structure of Narrative Text # Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced. # Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.  # Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.  # Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story. Purpose of Narrative Text – The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative Text – Past tense (killed, drunk, etc) – Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc) – Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc) – Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc) – Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc) – Direct speech. It is ...
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Biography

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  Definition of  Biography text Biography text is a detailed description or account of a person’s life and written by someone else, it is non-fiction text. Social Function of Biography To know a person’s story about his/her life outside of any accomplishments this person   may be known for. To give many information easily and educate the readers. Characteristics of Biography Biography Is not written by subject and always written in third person. Based on research. Describes the person’s surroundings (where, when and how the person lived). Use vivid language to narrate events Generic Structure of Biography Text O rientation (Introduction)  :  It is the opening paragraph. It gives the readers  background information of the person. Events  :  Event is as chronological order. Re-Orientation (Closing)  :  It consists of a conclusion or comment of the writer. It tells about the achievement or the contribution of the person. Languange...
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Descriptive Text

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  Definition of Descriptive Text Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. T he descriptive text is a text that explains about whether a person or an object is like, whether its form, its properties, its amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive text is clear, that is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either abstract or concrete. Generic Structure of Descriptive Text When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures (actually not mandatory) for our writing to be true. The arrangement is: # Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be described.) # Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by describing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describes. Purpose of Descriptive Text – To describe person, thing or p...
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Procedure Text

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  Definition of Procedure Text There are three definition about procedure text  (1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals, e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax.  (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity, e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.  (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g. how to live happily, how to succeed Generic Structure of Procedure Text # Goal : (e.g. : How to make spaghetti) # Material or Ingredient : (e.g. : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. ) # Step : (e.g. : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice ….) Purpose of Procedure Text – To explain / tell (the reader) how to make / operate / do something through a sequence of actions or steps. – To explain steps / instruction to make / operate / do something Language Feature of Procedure Text – U...
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News Item

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  News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.  It means if there is an important event that should be known by many people, then this event deserves news. Well, the news text is called the news item text.  Generic Structure of News Item There are three important things in news item text: # Main Events / Newsworthy event(s): it recounts the event in summary form. # Elaboration / Background event(s): they elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstance # Resource of Information (Source) : it contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event Purpose of News Item News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. – To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day – To present information the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day Language Feature of News Item – Fo...
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